Essential Grammar Words

var

there is / have

Bir sorun var mı?

Is there a problem?

Indicates existence or possession

yok

there isn't / don't have

Para yok.

There is no money.

Indicates non-existence or lack of possession

ve

and

Çay ve kahve.

Tea and coffee.

ama

but

İyi ama pahalı.

Good but expensive.

çok

very / much / many

Çok güzel!

Very beautiful!

az

little / few

Biraz su lütfen.

A little water please.

için

for

Senin için.

For you.

Postposition meaning 'for'

ile

with

Seninle gelmek istiyorum.

I want to come with you.

Postposition meaning 'with'

bu

this

Bu nedir?

What is this?

Demonstrative pronoun - close

şu

that (near)

Şu araba benim.

That car is mine.

Demonstrative pronoun - medium distance

o

that / he / she / it

O ev çok güzel.

That house is very beautiful.

Demonstrative pronoun (that - far distance) or 3rd person pronoun (he/she/it). Context determines meaning.