Plural Suffix -ler/-lar

Making Plurals

To make a noun plural, add -ler or -lar following e-type vowel harmony:

Front vowels (e, i, ö, ü) → -ler

Back vowels (a, ı, o, u) → -lar

ev → evler

house → houses

ev has 'e' (front) → ler

kitap → kitaplar

book → books

kitap has 'a' (back) → lar

öğrenci → öğrenciler

student → students

öğrenci has 'i' (front) → ler

Turkish doesn't use plural after numbers! The noun stays singular.

English: three books

Turkish: üç kitap (not kitaplar)

beş elma

five apples

elma stays singular after number

iki çocuk

two children

çocuk stays singular

plural

Answer: gözler

göz has 'ö' (front vowel) → gözler

translation

Answer: üç araba

After numbers, noun stays singular: üç araba (not arabalar)

fill in-blank

Answer: lar

çocuk has 'o' (back vowel) → çocuklar