Verbal Nouns

Verbal nouns (masdars) convert verbs into nouns. Turkish has several forms:

1. Infinitive: -mek/-mak (to do)

2. Action noun: -me/-ma (doing, the act of)

3. Result noun: -iş/-ış/-uş/-üş (result of doing)

Each has different uses.

The -me/-ma form creates an action noun. It can take possessive and case endings.

Pattern: Verb stem + -me/-ma + (possessive) + (case)

Front vowels → -me

Back vowels → -ma

The -iş suffix (i-type harmony) creates nouns referring to the result or manner of an action. Often becomes a standalone word.

The infinitive form is the dictionary form of verbs. It can also function as a noun:

Front vowels → -mek

Back vowels → -mak